中医外治法治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床研究近况

参照近10年相关文献,对治疗过敏性鼻炎的中医外治法进行了梳理分析,总结了临床常用的外治法有针刺疗法、灸法、穴位贴敷、穴位注射、穴位埋线、推拿疗法、特色疗法、局部给药及综合疗法,并分析了各自的优势及有效性,以期为临床治疗过敏性鼻炎提供借鉴。     

A Simple Computational Theory of General Collective Intelligence

Researchers have recently demonstrated that group performance across tasks tends to be correlated, motivating the use of a single metric for the general collective intelligence of groups akin to general intelligence metrics for individuals. High general collective intelligence is achieved when a group performs well across a wide variety of tasks. A number of factors have been shown to be predictive of general collective intelligence, but there is sparse formal theory explaining the presence of correlations across tasks, betraying a fundamental gap in our understanding of what general collective intelligence is measuring. Here, we formally argue that general collective intelligence arises from groups achieving commitment to group goals, accurate shared beliefs, and coordinated actions. We then argue for the existence of generic mechanisms that help groups achieve these cognitive alignment conditions. The presence or absence of such mechanisms can potentially explain observed correlations in group performance across tasks. Under our view, general collective intelligence can be conceived as measuring group performance on classes of tasks that have particular combinations of cognitive alignment requirements.     

浅谈经筋理论及其现代研究进展

经络是人体组织结构的重要组成部分,是运行全身气血、联络脏腑肢节、沟通上下内外、感应传导信息的通路,也是临床针灸、推拿、气功等等学科的理论基础。而作为经络系统重要组成部分的十二经筋,历代医家也对其进行了深入研究、描述。本文从经筋理论的发生、发展、现代研究、临床应用等方面进行文献整理和综述,以期完善和提高对经筋的认识,扩大经筋理论的临床应用。     

Recall of emotional and neutral words and paragraphs in traumatic brain injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in verbal recall deficits and impaired processing of emotion encoded in facial appearance, prosody and the linguistic content of messages. Emotion facilitates memory (emotional memory advantage) for non-brain injured (NBI) individuals but the impact of emotion on verbal recall for linguistically encoded stimuli in TBI has not been explored.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on verbal recall of words and paragraphs in TBI compared to NBI individuals.

Methods and procedures: Six 10-item lists, each with five emotional and five neutral words, and six paragraphs (three emotional, three neutral) were counterbalanced and presented in random order to 20 individuals with TBI and 44 NBI. The number of words from lists and the number of content units from paragraphs were compared for the two groups.

Outcomes and results: The NBI participants recalled more words from the lists and content units from the paragraphs than the individuals with TBI. Both groups recalled significantly more emotional than neutral words. NBI but not TBI participants had significantly greater recall for information in paragraphs with emotional content.

Conclusions: Participants with TBI showed impaired recall of words and paragraph content. Emotion facilitated word and paragraph content recall for neurotypical individuals but emotional memory advantage was limited to words for the TBI participants.     

辛味中药在治疗消渴证中的应用价值及中药五味理论现代研究的思考

辛味是中药五味学说中的重要性味之一,通常具有“发散”“行气”和“行血”的作用,且辛味中药在传统医学临床应用中占有较大比例。结合中药辛味的功效内涵及传统中医理论对消渴证的认识,阐述辛味中药与消渴证治疗之间的内在联系,总结辛味中药对“消渴三消”的治疗意义与价值。并在此基础上,对中药五味理论的现代研究趋势和发展方向进行思考,为同行研究提供参考。     

A graph model of combination therapies

The simultaneous use of multiple medications causes drug–drug interactions (DDI) that impact therapeutic efficacy. Here, we argue that graph theory, in conjunction with game theory and ecosystem theory, can address this issue. We treat the coexistence of multiple drugs as a system in which DDI is modeled by game theory. We develop an ordinary differential equation model to characterize how the concentration of a drug changes as a result of its independent capacity and the dependent influence of other drugs through the metabolic response of the host. We coalesce all drugs into personalized and context-specific networks, which can reveal key DDI determinants of therapeutical efficacy. Our model can quantify drug synergy and antagonism and test the translational success of combination therapies to the clinic.     

Swedish neonatal nurses’ experiences of enhancing attachment to children born prematurely

The purpose of this study was to illuminate pediatric neonatal nurses' (PNNs') experiences of enhancing early attachment for the premature children in neonatal intensive care (NIC). An interview study with 8 PNNs in NIC in southeastern Sweden was conducted, and analyzed by content analysis. Result, illustrated three categories: Enabling closeness between the child and the parents, Supporting parents’ sense of parenthood, and Obstacles to enhancing attachment. Discussion, PNNs have a great role to supporting parents, but several barriers need to be addressed to make it easier for the PNN in NIC to enhance attachment for the child.     

中医药对淋巴管新生与回流功能的作用研究进展＊

淋巴管作为循环系统的重要组成部分之一，具有调节机体体液稳态，协助免疫监视和肠道脂质吸收等重要作用。淋巴管新生是机体生理和病理过程中维持脉管系统结构和功能正常的重要手段，淋巴管新生调控对于防治肿瘤、心血管等诸多疾病有着潜在的临床转化意义；淋巴回流功能则与关节炎症等疾病发病机制关系密切。在循环系统中，相较于中医药调控血管相关疾病的发病机制已取得很大进展，近年来对于淋巴管的研究则明显相对滞后。本文从中医药作用于淋巴管新生及回流功能角度对这一领域的研究进展作一综述，以期为临床上中医药治疗相关疾病提供新的思路与方法。     

基于扎根理论的中成药上市后再评价专家访谈资料分析＊

目的 开展更全面的中成药临床应用资料收集，并对非定量化资料进行定性处理。方法 运用专家深度访谈的方法，以某中成药的临床应用为例，对临床上使用过该中成药的专家进行半结构式访谈，记录并整理访谈资料，引入扎根理论方法进行访谈资料分析。结果 本研究共访谈了10位专家，经扎根理论分析编码，将该中成药的临床应用编码为该药的背景、有效性、安全性、经济便宜性、依从性、临床定位6个主范畴，最终提炼出一个核心类属，并围绕这几个方面的具体信息进行详细分析。结论 通过收集、整理和分析专家经验性信息，丰富了中成药上市后再评价的临床证据集，明确了已上市中成药的临床应用范围，可为后续的临床和科研研究提供证据支持，同时，专家深度访谈和扎根理论分析是对专家经验的挖掘和利用，还可应用于中医经验传承、医者诊疗思维研究等领域。本研究进行了方法探讨和实例验证，以期为后续更高阶的研究奠定基础。